01. The Clinical and Diagnostic

Approach to the Seizure Patient 1

Luisa De Risio, Karen R. Muñana

Terminology 1

Phases associated with a seizure 4

Disorders that can mimic seizures

and discriminators 5

Systematic diagnostic approach to the patient

with seizure disorders 8

02. Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy 33

Andrea Fischer

Types of epileptic seizures 34

Diagnostic approach  38

Breed-related characteristics  39

Comorbidities and lifespan in canine idiopathic

epilepsy 63

03. Quality of Life Issues in Canine

Epilepsy 75

Rowena MA Packer

What is quality of life 75

Impact of epilepsy on canine QoL 76

Impact of epilepsy on caregiver quality of life 83

04. Genetics of Epilepsy in Dogs

and Cats 91

Edward (Ned) E. Patterson

Genetic or suspected genetic idiopathic epilepsy

in dogs 91

Structural epilepsies in dogs 94

Pharmacogenetics in epileptic dogs 96

Genetic counseling for breeding dogs with epilepsy 98

Feline epilepsy genetics 98

05. Feline Epilepsy 101

Akos Pakozdy, Borbala A. Lörincz

Prevalence of seizure disorders in cats 101

Terminology 101

Diagnostic approach to seizure disorders in cats 102

Antiseizure treatment of feline epilepsy 108

Outcome of feline epilepsy 110

06. Advanced Diagnostic Imaging

in Epilepsy 115

Daisuke Hasegawa

Conventional MRI 116

Structural MRI for diagnosis of epilepsy 127

Advanced and functional imaging 131

Imaging findings of structural epilepsies 138

Degenerative diseases 138

07. Electroencephalography 153

Fiona M.K. James

How does EEG work 154

How to record EEG 156

How to interpret EEG 162

How to report EEG 173

Where to learn more on EEG 174

08. Fundamental Principles

of Pharmacokinetics

for Antiseizure Medications 183

Mark G. Papich

Important definitions 183

Principles of drug disposition in animals 183

Drug elimination (elimination half-life, t 186

Drug distribution (volume of distribution 188

Drug clearance 190

Drug absorption 192

09. Principles of Antiseizure Drug Use 199

Karen R. Muñana, Luisa De Risio

Initiating therapy 199

Choosing an appropriate antiseizure drug 202

Devising a rational treatment plan 205

Drug resistance 211

Epilepsy remission  212

10. Phenobarbital 217

Fabio Stabile, Luisa De Risio

Mechanism of action  217

Pharmacokinetics  217

Efficacy  219

Clinical use  221

Adverse effects and drug interactions 227

11. Potassium Bromide 237

Michael Podell

Mechanism of action  237

Pharmacokinetics 237

Efficacy 238

Clinical use 239

Adverse effects and drug interactions 241

12. Levetiracetam 245

Karen R. Muñana

Mechanism of action 245

Pharmacokinetics 246

Efficacy 247

Clinical use  250

13. Imepitoin 255

Andrea Tipold

Mechanism of action 255

Pharmacokinetics 256

Efficacy 256

Clinical use  259

Adverse effects and drug interactions 260

14. Zonisamide 265

Daisuke Hasegawa, Miyoko Saito

Mechanism of action 265

Pharmacokinetics 266

Clinical use  269

Adverse effects and drug interactions  271

15. Other Antiseizure Drugs 277

Kari Foss, Devon Hague

Clorazepate and Clonazepam 279

Felbamate 280

Gabapentin  281

Topiramate 282

Pregabalin 284

Rufinamide 285

Lacosamide 286

Brivaracetam 286

16. Cannabidiol in Canine Epilepsy 289

Stephanie McGrath

Mechanism of Action  289

Pharmacokinetics 291

Efficacy  293

Clinical use 294

Adverse effects and drug interactions 294

17. Dietary Management of Canine

Epilepsy  299

Elliott S. Neal, Weizhi Xu, Karin Borges

Pathophysiology and mechanism of action 299

“Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics” of ketogenic

diets and medium chain triglycerides 303

Efficacy 304

Manipulations of macronutrients –

practical considerations for the treatment of dogs

with epilepsy 307

18. Neurostimulation for Canine

Epilepsy 311

Sofie F.M. Bhatti, Marios Charalambous,

Luc Van Ham

Vagus nerve stimulation 312

Transcranial magnetic stimulation  316

Conclusions 319

19. Management of Status Epilepticus

and Cluster Seizures in Dogs

and Cats 323

Marios Charalambous, Sofie F.M. Bhatti

Status epilepticus 323

Cluster seizures 338

Subject Index 349